Assignment No. 5: Concurrent Engineering Product Design Review / Assessment and Improvements: New Product Innovation & Introduction (NPI & I) Challenges Sabrina Matheus
Course: IE 655 Concurrent Engineering
Date: 4/25/2017
Professor: Paul Ranky
Assignment 5
-ELearning Pack ID- IE655-Spring2017-18-17
-Project Title: Electronic Sensor Made from Recycled Material for Drying Devices
-Virtual Company Name: RAYMAR Corporation
-The work done for this project was completed individually by Sabrina Matheus.
Contents:
Part 1: Innovative Green PLM Design: The Main Body of the assignment.
Part 2: PLM / Digital Design & Digital Manufacturing and Sustainable Green Transition Plan for a company of your choice.
Part 3: Conduct a Video Conferencing and Social Networking session.
Part 4: SOCIAL NETWORKING
Part 1: Innovative Green PLM Design: The Main Body of the assignment:
An existing non-sustainable green design is the disposal of electronic devices. The disposal of cell phones, televisions, computers, tablets, etc generates e-waster which could either be sent to the landfill by users or can be refurbished or recycled through solid waste management. Implementation of recycling of EOL (End of Life) electronics, will not allow for many benefits include the increased safety, less waste in landfills, and introduction of recycling programs, but overtime, there will be an increasing knowledge and awareness for people that use these devices to recycle instead of dispose. The new design will be a bullet proof method that will prevent people from callously disposing electronics in the trash. And as the use of electronics increase as technology develops, there will an increase of recycling of EOL electronics.
Discuss the product/process innovation and introduction methods and process you would suggest your company to follow, based on what we have learned, based on your projects in this course, and the collaborative companies in your eLearning Pack. You can use any resources, including what we have learned, the library, the web, your company, anything legal...
The process innovation that would further promote the recycling of e-waste or EOL is the use of screening devices that sort through trash to find disposed electronic devices in solid waste within neighborhoods and communities. Promotion of households sorting waste to separate e-waste will be encouraged, but sorting of the trash will take place by a process that will automatically find EOL electronics in massive lots of trash. This innovative process will allow for elimination of e-waste disposal and will catch materials as small as phone batteries to be sorted out of trash through this innovative process.
Search for New GREEN Product Innovation and Introduction (NPI & I) methods, tools and technologies over the Internet. Try to collect at least 10 URLs with a short explanation of the method they cover.
Ten URLS that explain provide a short explanation of the technology are as follows:
Implementation of a recycling program or process that focuses on EOL electronics and educations families, communities, people of diverse backgrounds such as education levels, cultural backgrounds, etc. A prototype of the process would be a pilot program held in a city with a diverse population. Pamphlets providing information regarding the e-waste recycling program would be provided to each household in this selected city. In addition, city signs, emails, newsletter, city hall informational sessions, infomercials on local television stations etc. would be utilized to spread knowledge of the program. The pilot or prototype of the program would be over a period of 6months to one year to allow for progress to be tracked.
The program will implement the use of a screening device that would detect electronic components after trash has been sorted. The technology that the device would utilize would be able to detect small components on the order of nanoinches, specifically screening for precious metals that are found in electronics including gold, copper, mercury, silver, etc.
The design of the device would involve some risk in its implementation. There is risk that the device may miss electronic material that will not be removed from the waste product stream. The outcome of the risk will be increased opportunity for the e-waste to create storage in a landfill. Also, the risk of toxic material reaching other locations such as other communities. To eliminate the risk, design implementation would have to target all electronic devices. The service would be free to the households in the pilot city. The hardware will be designed and built by and Research and Develop team within the city. This team will also manage the device and the technical support to maintain the device.
Part 2: PLM / Digital Design & Digital Manufacturing and Sustainable Green Transition Plan for a company of your choice.
A convincing lean and sustainable green design marketing plan for the CEO / CTO that they should move into PLM / Digital Design & Manufacturing.
As a consulting company for this EOL electronic sorting device, Raymar would recommend that this device be promoted for all cities and communities as widely as every state within the US. This goal of this device is to become standard in the solid waste management process. Currently, e-waste is reaching landfills nationally and internationally, which pose risk to people who search landfills to remove the precious metals from the devices that they find. The promotional emphasis for requiring cities and states to use this device is the safety it provides against hazardous materials being exposed to people. By implementing this device through a mandatory program (federal program) and creating a requirement that the program is utilized in an effort to make a green sustainable environment for communities, there will be decreases in e-waste production. When the EOL electronics are removed from the solid waste stream, they will be refurbished or recycled for future use in other electronics that require rich resources from the EOL electronics.
Create an implementation and test plan
The test plan will require a pilot city or community where the use of the device can be tested. The testing period would take place between 6 to 12 months. Efforts to education the community regarding the use of the device and program within the pilot city will be provided before hand to allow the communities to actively participate. RAymar will act a consultant to the pilot city, managing the R&D company that has developed the device. Issues with the logistics of the program or process will be managed by the RAYMAR. Measurements of the e-waste produced by the pilot city will be measured prior to the start of the program. These measurements will be compared against the data points that will be collected at the end of the pilot test (12 months).
A transition strategy and process plan (use the ISO standard CIMpgr process modeling method).
The methodology used is a CIMpgr model. CIMpgr is an integrated system analysis, design (i.e. system modeling) methodology, relying on industrial consulting experience as well as new interfaced/ integrated system modeling tools, standards and technologies that support the consultant in his work.
Based upon the results of the pilot test, a transition strategy using the CIMpgr model will be implemented to create a mandatory program that will be utilized outside of the pilot city in neighboring cities and communities. Once the transition occurs successfully with demonstrated success seen through improved measurements of e-waste prior to and following one year of use, the scope and span of the use of the program further to more cities and communities.
PLM education will be a strong emphasis within the program. Pamplet materials, infomercials, neighborhood committee sessions that provide information, etc., will be used to education the public on the use of program. Schools will also be targeted to promote and educate people of the program. The benefits of the EOL electronics program will be presented to people, which will include the safety benefis. People will learn that the program will aim to decrease the introduction of e-waste into landfills, which may end up in our clean water supply. The potential of the hazardous materials that these EOL electronics contain including mercury, copper, lead, etc., will reach clean water supplies will bre reduced or eliminated through the program. PLM education will help communities to learn about the safety benefits and how the their communities will be able to see the benefits implemented as a result of the program.
Design a ROI plan (a simple plan will do at tghis stage) - make up all missing data.
It is a known fact that there is a need to decrease the e-waste production worldwide. In 2009, discarded TVs, computers, peripherals (including printers, scanners, fax machines) mice, keyboards, and cell phones totaled about 2.37 million short tons. E-waste represents 2% of America's trash in landfills, but it equals 70% of overall toxic waste. 20 to 50 million metric tons of e-waste are disposed worldwide every year. If just 1% of the annual e-waste produce worldwide was recycled and provided a savings, an ROI of on a basis of 500,000 metric tons would be seen. If $0.01 was saved for every pound of e-waste recycle, a ROI of $10 million dollars would be seen per year.
Part 3: Conduct a Video Conferencing and Social Networking session.
Transcript:
[4/23/17 5:03:41 PM] Sabrina Williams: Please add me as a contact.
Sabrina Williams
[4/23/17 5:07:37 PM] Krystian Rivera: Krystian Rivera has shared
contact details with Sabrina Williams.
[4/23/17 7:49:37 PM] Krystian Rivera: Ok
[4/23/17 7:52:53 PM] Sabrina Williams: Call started
[4/23/17 7:54:53 PM] Sabrina Williams: Call ended 2 minutes
[4/23/17 7:55:28 PM] Sabrina Williams: Call started
[4/23/17 7:56:18 PM] Sabrina Williams: Hello Kyrstian
[4/23/17 7:56:30 PM] Sabrina Williams: *Krystian
[4/23/17 7:56:38 PM] Krystian Rivera: Hello Sabrina
[4/23/17 7:56:46 PM] Krystian Rivera: What is the title of your project?
[4/23/17 7:57:04 PM] Sabrina Williams: The title of my project is
[4/23/17 7:57:38 PM] Sabrina Williams: Electronic Drying Device
[4/23/17 7:58:15 PM] Krystian Rivera: Interesting.. Mine is an All
Green Hydrogen Powered Vehicle
[4/23/17 7:58:55 PM] Sabrina Williams: What is the name of your company?
[4/23/17 7:59:07 PM] Sabrina Williams: What is the product that your
company has developed?
[4/23/17 7:59:52 PM] Krystian Rivera: The name of my company is Clear
Sky Inc. ... And along with the four other collaborative companies we
are designing a hydrogen powered vehicle
[4/23/17 8:00:04 PM] Krystian Rivera: What is yours?
[4/23/17 8:04:25 PM] Sabrina Williams: The name o my company is Raymar
Inc. We are a small manufacturing company that is specializing is
recycling electronic materials to make a green drying device.
Specifically, the drying is a high energy-consuming operation for
which process control is important to achieve optimal energy
performance and product quality regardless of disturbances. Drying
energy efficiency and process controllability are two important
factors that are critical to the performance of drying devices. When
the temperature drop between the dryer inlet and outlet air under
adiabatic conditions occurs, decouple water evaporation from heat loss
and product heating effects causes the dryer temperature to drop.1 In
other words, when hot air contacts the wet product during drying, the
sensible heat of the air is converted to latent heat and the air
temperature drops.
[4/23/17 8:05:37 PM] Sabrina Williams: In your opinion, What is a
product design review?
[4/23/17 8:09:34 PM] Krystian Rivera: A product design review is
considered a milestone within the product development process whereby
a design is evaluated against its requirements in order to verify the
outcome of previous activities and identify issues before committing
to completing the project.
[4/23/17 8:11:17 PM] Sabrina Williams: I agree. I would add that the
product design review serves three primary purposes. They are 1.
Provide a guideline for peer-oriented assessment and coaching 2.
Provide a method to assess design status and implement guidelines of
quality and reliability methods and 3. Serve as a requirement for
assessing and scoring product development.
[4/23/17 8:12:46 PM] Sabrina Williams: Krystian, what were the most
important steps in your product design review process?
[4/23/17 8:13:05 PM] Krystian Rivera: The most important steps to me
were the CORA and the PFRA process
[4/23/17 8:13:27 PM] Krystian Rivera: These steps helped me identify
what areas in my project were going to be the most problematic.
[4/23/17 8:13:40 PM] Krystian Rivera: It help to identify the dangers
and the risks that needed to be addressed.
[4/23/17 8:16:20 PM] Sabrina Williams: For me, the most important
steps in my product design review process was Step 1: Generating.
This was the most important step because it required brainstorming,
SWOT analysis, and elimination of initial concepts and ideas based on
affordability, market tends, ROI, etc. In addition, the Generating
step required that the product design meet the CE/PLM method, which is
intended to ensure that developers consider all elements of the
product life cycle from conception through to final disposal.
[4/23/17 8:18:36 PM] Sabrina Williams: Krystian, how do you like this
video-conferencing approach for collaborative CE/PLM problem solving?
[4/23/17 8:20:17 PM] Krystian Rivera: I thought it was very helpful
and seamless. It was great to get ideas from another student on how to
improve on the design of my project. I can definitely see the benefits
of using video conferencing in discussing project ideas.
[4/23/17 8:21:35 PM] Sabrina Williams: I think there are many
benefits to using VC in team collaborations. The three main reasons I
Iike VC for collaborative CE/PLM problem solving are 1. VC allows for
the reduction or elimination of the need to travel. Specifically for
this course, I am located in Massachusetts which makes VC convenient
for me to collaborate with classmates that are local to the university
in New Jersey without the need to travel or meet in person. 2. VC
allows for increased productivity. VC allows for an ease of sharing
and communication with team members versus in person. The interaction
may be easier and there may be less pressure which will allow for
increased focus on the tasks, discussions, projects, etc. 3. Increased
Communication is also a benefit of using VC because there will be an
increase in ease to share and communicate information and a decrease
in distraction such as finding the conference room, attire, travel,
etc.
[4/23/17 8:22:08 PM] Sabrina Williams: Krystian, what were the main challenges?
[4/23/17 8:23:50 PM] Krystian Rivera: My biggest challenge was
actually conceptualizing the product that I wanted to design for this
class. I wanted to come up with something that was fun to design and
do research on, but also something that would have meaningful impact
on society and the environment had it ever came upon to actually being
made.
[4/23/17 8:24:50 PM] Krystian Rivera: The next challenge like I
mentioned before was when we had to identify all the risks in the
project.
[4/23/17 8:25:00 PM] Krystian Rivera: The assignment that had the PFRA analysis.
[4/23/17 8:27:58 PM] Sabrina Williams: In regards to the project, one
of the biggest challenges was ensuring that the product developed was
an actual green device and RAYMAR would utilize the green product
lifecycle management. For instance, the device has strict requirements
such as the following: There shall be no hazardous materials generated
and released to the environment as a result of the manufacture of our
products. The release of harmful byproducts into the environment as a
result of the manufacturing process shall be prohibited by the
company.
[4/23/17 8:28:38 PM] Krystian Rivera: What worked well in your project
and what didn't work?
[4/23/17 8:34:14 PM] Sabrina Williams: What I think worked well for
the device is the design phase of the project. One of the key design
features of the device is that it will be made from recyclable
electronic parts from other devices. The recyclable electronic parts
will include resistors, transistors, capacitors, diodes, and
electronic circuit boards. These electronic parts will be purchased
and recycled from other companies and will be used to assemble the
drying device through a manufacturing process powered from electricity
derived from solar and wind technology. I think recycling electronic
parts to make new, green devices will be a growing market of the
future.
[4/23/17 8:36:40 PM] Krystian Rivera: That's awesome, what worked well
for my project was something similar as well. In my project what
distinguishes it from other previously designed hydrogen vehicles is
that all of the parts in the vehicle are made by using 3-D printing or
Additive manufacturing. That was my component in my design to make the
vehicle truly green and sustainable.
[4/23/17 8:37:52 PM] Sabrina Williams: Krystian, but isn't using
hydrogen for fuel dangerous because it canbe explosive?
[4/23/17 8:39:13 PM] Krystian Rivera: Yes it is and that is a good
question. There are hydrogen combustible engines which are very heavy
and are also considered dangerous because they can explode. In my
design they utilize hydrogen fuel-cells which are similar to
batteries.
[4/23/17 8:45:32 PM] Sabrina Williams: Okay, that makes a lot of sense...
[4/23/17 8:46:20 PM] Sabrina Williams: I like the concept of using 3D
printing. What are some of the parts that will be made from 3D
printing?
[4/23/17 8:46:39 PM] Krystian Rivera: It ranges from small parts to large parts.
[4/23/17 8:47:09 PM] Krystian Rivera: From the screw and bolts on the
vehicle to the trimming and the interior framing of the car.
[4/23/17 8:48:06 PM] Sabrina Williams: That's very cool!
[4/23/17 8:50:28 PM] Krystian Rivera: Will your dryer be an affordable
dryer to the general public?
[4/23/17 8:52:10 PM] Sabrina Williams: Yes, that's the goal.
Particularly because we'll be using recycled material to make the
devices. The Devices will also help reduce the amount of energy that's
consumed during drying, which will hap consumers save money in the
long run..
[4/23/17 8:52:29 PM] Sabrina Williams: *help
[4/23/17 8:53:07 PM] Sabrina Williams: Okay, it was great discussing
your project and learning about your company.
[4/23/17 8:53:39 PM] Sabrina Williams: Your website is well organized
and explains what you're trying to develop very thoroughly.
[4/23/17 8:54:36 PM] Krystian Rivera: Thank you, I enjoyed discussing
my project with you as well as learning about yours.
[4/23/17 9:01:40 PM] Krystian Rivera:
This version of Skype does not support photo sharing. Please update to
the latest version, or you can view it in your browser here:
https://login.skype.com/login/sso?go=xmmfallback?pic=0-eus-d3-dc5003705bb0cb3f3cd28508327af2c6
[4/23/17 9:01:46 PM] Krystian Rivera:
This version of Skype does not support photo sharing. Please update to
the latest version, or you can view it in your browser here:
https://login.skype.com/login/sso?go=xmmfallback?pic=0-eus-d2-5fd570e17a00af2f8caf9b919360830e
[4/23/17 9:01:52 PM] Krystian Rivera:
This version of Skype does not support photo sharing. Please update to
the latest version, or you can view it in your browser here:
https://login.skype.com/login/sso?go=xmmfallback?pic=0-eus-d1-474d7f9ecc7b8987f632dfb4b876aa20
[4/23/17 9:01:58 PM] Krystian Rivera:
This version of Skype does not support photo sharing. Please update to
the latest version, or you can view it in your browser here:
https://login.skype.com/login/sso?go=xmmfallback?pic=0-eus-d1-04d0f6752a206ff3fe6dae4ce163a54b
[4/23/17 9:02:03 PM] Krystian Rivera:
This version of Skype does not support photo sharing. Please update to
the latest version, or you can view it in your browser here:
https://login.skype.com/login/sso?go=xmmfallback?pic=0-eus-d4-40a2428cf092bdc31a9da1437b79be89
[4/23/17 9:03:11 PM] Sabrina Williams: Call ended 1 hour 7 minutes 43 seconds
[4/23/17 9:04:23 PM] Krystian Rivera: Can you copy and paste the
script and send it to me via email?
[4/23/17 9:04:38 PM] Krystian Rivera: I don't think the iPad let me do it :-
1. The purpose of the video-conferencing session is to conduct a virtual product design review? What is a product design review? A design review is a milestone within a product development process whereby a design is evaluated against its requirements in order to verify the outcomes of previous activities and identify issues before committing to - and if need to be re-prioritize - further work.The product design review serves three primary purposes. They are 1. Provide a guideline for peer-oriented assessment and coaching 2. Provide a method to assess design status and implement guidelines of quality and reliability methods and 3. Serve as a requirement for assessing and scoring product development.
2. How did you prepare your files for this web-based VC product design review? I prepared my files for this web-based Video Conference via Skype, email, and my company website: [email protected]. All information sharing between myself and classmates to share information regarding my company and product design occurred primarily through these three methods.
3. What were the most important steps in your product design review process? The most important step in my product design review process was Step 1: Generating. This was the most important step because this required brainstorming, SWOT analysis, and elimination of initial concepts and ideas based on affordability, market tends, ROI, etc. In addition, the Generating step required that the product design meet the CE/PLM method, which is intended to ensure that developers consider all elements of the product life cycle from conception through to final disposal, and re-engineering / recycling, including quality, cost schedule and user requirements. In contrast to the old, conventional, or sequential product design method, Concurrent Engineering and PLM focus on customer satisfaction, on teamwork as well as on Design for Manufacturing, Design for Assembly, Quality and Total Lifecycle issues.
4. What software did you use for VC and how? (Must include 3-4 screen prints of the VC session as a proof.)
The software that was used for Video Conferencing was Skype. Below are the screen shots from the VC.
5. What did you discuss and achieve during the VC session? (Offer a script of your discussions in professional English, not in 'hej dude whatsup' language...)
Above are the transcripts from the VC session below:
6. How do you like this video-conferencing approach for collaborative CE/PLM problem solving? I think there are many benefits to using VC in team collaborations. The three main benefits of VC are 1. VC allows for the reduction or elimination of the need to travel. Specifically for this course, I am located in Massachusetts which makes VC convenient for me to collaborate with classmates that are local to the university in New Jersey without the need to travel or meet in person. 2. VC allows for increased productivity. VC allows for an ease of sharing and communication with team members versus in person. The interaction may be easier and there may be less pressure which will allow for increased focus on the tasks, discussions, projects, etc. 3. Increased Communication is also a benefit of using VC because there will be an increase in ease to share and communicate information and a decrease in distraction such as finding the conference room, attire, travel, etc.
7. What were the main challenges? There are many potential challenges that can be faced during VC. The three main challenges that I encountered during VC were 1. Technical difficulties. Ensuring that I had the correct software, devices/attachments, etc. was very important to prevent the technical difficulties. However, if any of the above were lacking, I experienced difficulties in executing the VC. 2. System compatibility. Currently, Skype is not compatible with my current computer system (PC) because it does not have operating system that supports the software. However, an older system (MAC) was capable of supporting the software. 3. Need for IT resources. While trying to use Skype, I had to rely heavily on IT references and resources to troubleshoot issues that interrupted my use. However, the troubleshooting occurred well before the VC session which allowed the issues to be resolved ahead of time.
8. What worked well, and what did not, and why? What worked well during the VC session was the communication between myself and my classmate, which provided the opportunity to meet him in person. Also, VC allowed for the opportunity for us to share information openly and discuss our opinions one on one. What didn’t work well was the time frame for which the VC occurred. Because of the time schedule chosen for the VC, it was difficult to coordinate the session around my schedule. Otherwise, the VC worked very well.
9. In comparison to a face-to-face visit, versus VC, what is the estimated carbon footprint saving to the environment? How did you calculate this result? (Hint: search the web, there are some really useful carbon footprint calculators for free!). According to references, there are three are three scope types to determining the carbon footprint of a product, device, etc. The main Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions defined by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative. It's when it comes to Scope 3 - other indirect emissions such as bought-in products and services, outsourced activities and business travel. The VC held between my classmate and I did not involve any of the above. As a result, the estimated carbon foot print is 0 or none.
-References and Bibliography (including the CDs, Internet as a main source of information)
1Atuonwu, J.C., Asselt, J., Straten, G., Deventer, H.C., Boxtel, A., “On dryer energy performance and controllability: generalized modeling and experimental validation”. Drying Technology, 2013. pp. 1930-1938.
Baker, C.G., McKenzie, K., Energy consumption of industrial spray dryers. Drying Technology 2005, pp365-386.
Ranky, P. Concurrent / Simultaneous Engineering: Methods, Tools and Case Studies Within a Lean Six-Sigma Quality and Sustainable, Globally Collaborative Green PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) Framework. CIMare USA, Inc and CIMware Ltd.
Part 4: SOCIAL NETWORKING:
Article 1
Recycling e-Waste
By Bryan Walsh
There has been a growing demand for future work in the recycling of e-waste or used electronic materials. There are growing concerns which leads to recycling of electronic solid waste as a necessity. For one, the harmful chemicals that are exposed when the components of electrical devices, such as cell phones, computer boards, are taken apart in order to gain access to the gold and copper. These harmful chemicals include mercury, lead, cadmium and other dangerous metals and are an extreme cause for concern. Particularly in poorer regions of countries such as Africa and China where the laborers are predominately children, there is a growing need to understand how to restructure the so-called e-waste in the fastest growing part of the solid waste stream. There are some 20 to 50 million metric tons of electronics that are thrown out every year. Reuse or recycling of those materials may prevent environmental consequences of poorly processed electronics ending up into land waste fills or potentially poisoning children laborers.
Article 2
Africa Mobile Pay-Go Solar Developer Beats the Odds, Raises $22.5M in Venture Capital
September 30, 2016 by Andrew Burger
An off-grid or standalone photovoltaic system is when your solar photovoltaic system is not connected to the utility grid and you are producing your own electricity via solar, wind, microhydro, generator, etc. These systems will generally have a battery bank in order to store the electricity for use when needed. Developers of a growing line of off-grid, cloud-connected solar energy systems and consumer products is bringing clean, safe affordable and reliable light, electrical power, equipment and devices to local homes and businesses, many of whom have never had it before. Homes in countries such as Africa, Southeast Asia, and India. To date, about 65 million people in Africa, India and Southeast Asia are enjoying the benefits, according to developers. Management has set a goal of reaching 100 million by 2020. Companies active in the off-grid solar market have received over $250 million since 2014, according to global clean energy market research and communications firm Mercom Capital’s Solar Funding and M&A report. There is a large growing market that is expanding into the entire world..
Article 3
United Airlines Begins Regular Biofuel Use for Flights
March 14, 2016 by Renewable Energy World Editors
A biofuel is any liquid fuel derived from biological material such as trees, agricultural wastes, crops, or grass. Biofuel can be produced from any carbon source that can be replenished rapidly, such as plants. Biofuels are used globally and biofuel industries are greatly expanding in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. They contain no sulfur and produce low carbon monoxide and toxic emissions.
Biofuels are substitutes for conventional fossil fuels, such as petroleum, propane, coal, and natural gas. Common U.S. agricultural products including switchgrass and soybeans are specifically grown for biofuel production. Biofuels can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy security by providing an alternative to fossil fuels. By 2050, biofuels could reduce our greenhouse gas emissions by 1.7 billion tons per year—equivalent to more than 80% of current transportation-related emissions.
United Airlines said that on March 11, 2016 it began using commercial-scale volumes of sustainable aviation biofuels for regularly scheduled flights. According to United, it is the first U.S. airline to move beyond demonstration flights and test programs to the use of advanced biofuels for ongoing operations. United has agreed to purchase up to 15 million gallons of sustainable biofuel from AltAir Paramount over a three-year period. The airline said it has begun using the biofuel in its daily operations at Los Angeles International Airport, storing and delivering it in the same way as traditional fuel. In addition, United will operate flights between Los Angeles and San Francisco with the dedicated use of AltAir Paramount renewable fuel for two weeks, while also integrating the fuel into its regular operations at the airport.
Course: IE 655 Concurrent Engineering
Date: 4/25/2017
Professor: Paul Ranky
Assignment 5
-ELearning Pack ID- IE655-Spring2017-18-17
-Project Title: Electronic Sensor Made from Recycled Material for Drying Devices
-Virtual Company Name: RAYMAR Corporation
-The work done for this project was completed individually by Sabrina Matheus.
Contents:
Part 1: Innovative Green PLM Design: The Main Body of the assignment.
Part 2: PLM / Digital Design & Digital Manufacturing and Sustainable Green Transition Plan for a company of your choice.
Part 3: Conduct a Video Conferencing and Social Networking session.
Part 4: SOCIAL NETWORKING
Part 1: Innovative Green PLM Design: The Main Body of the assignment:
An existing non-sustainable green design is the disposal of electronic devices. The disposal of cell phones, televisions, computers, tablets, etc generates e-waster which could either be sent to the landfill by users or can be refurbished or recycled through solid waste management. Implementation of recycling of EOL (End of Life) electronics, will not allow for many benefits include the increased safety, less waste in landfills, and introduction of recycling programs, but overtime, there will be an increasing knowledge and awareness for people that use these devices to recycle instead of dispose. The new design will be a bullet proof method that will prevent people from callously disposing electronics in the trash. And as the use of electronics increase as technology develops, there will an increase of recycling of EOL electronics.
Discuss the product/process innovation and introduction methods and process you would suggest your company to follow, based on what we have learned, based on your projects in this course, and the collaborative companies in your eLearning Pack. You can use any resources, including what we have learned, the library, the web, your company, anything legal...
The process innovation that would further promote the recycling of e-waste or EOL is the use of screening devices that sort through trash to find disposed electronic devices in solid waste within neighborhoods and communities. Promotion of households sorting waste to separate e-waste will be encouraged, but sorting of the trash will take place by a process that will automatically find EOL electronics in massive lots of trash. This innovative process will allow for elimination of e-waste disposal and will catch materials as small as phone batteries to be sorted out of trash through this innovative process.
Search for New GREEN Product Innovation and Introduction (NPI & I) methods, tools and technologies over the Internet. Try to collect at least 10 URLs with a short explanation of the method they cover.
Ten URLS that explain provide a short explanation of the technology are as follows:
- E-Waste and the Importance of Electronics Recycling https://www.thebalance.com/e-waste-and-the-importance-of-electronics-recycling-2877783
- Why Should you Recycle E-Waste
http://www.ksewaste.org/ewaste_why.htm - Electronics Recycling http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/massdep/recycle/reduce/electronics-recycling.html
- ELECTRONIC WASTE REMOVAL
http://www.alldayjunk.com/ewaste.html - Recycling Electronic Waste Responsibly: Excuses Dwindle
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/01/technology/personaltech/recycling-electronic-waste-responsibly-excuses-dwindle.html?_r=0
6. E Waste Recycling Andover MA
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=9&ved=0ahUKEwjt_9SxzMDTAhUs8IMKHd6QCiwQFgiNATAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fboxq.net%2Fe-waste-recycling-andover-ma%2F&usg=AFQjCNFCu2v4YTEzfqzmfeEOkvOI_2woWQ - High-Tech Trash
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/01/high-tech-trash/carroll-text - Ghana: A Digital Dumping Ground
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/ghana804/video/video_index.html - E-Waste Empire
http://www.theverge.com/2016/6/22/11991440/eri-e-waste-electronics-recycling-nyc-gadget-trash - 11 Facts about E-Waste
https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-e-waste
Implementation of a recycling program or process that focuses on EOL electronics and educations families, communities, people of diverse backgrounds such as education levels, cultural backgrounds, etc. A prototype of the process would be a pilot program held in a city with a diverse population. Pamphlets providing information regarding the e-waste recycling program would be provided to each household in this selected city. In addition, city signs, emails, newsletter, city hall informational sessions, infomercials on local television stations etc. would be utilized to spread knowledge of the program. The pilot or prototype of the program would be over a period of 6months to one year to allow for progress to be tracked.
The program will implement the use of a screening device that would detect electronic components after trash has been sorted. The technology that the device would utilize would be able to detect small components on the order of nanoinches, specifically screening for precious metals that are found in electronics including gold, copper, mercury, silver, etc.
The design of the device would involve some risk in its implementation. There is risk that the device may miss electronic material that will not be removed from the waste product stream. The outcome of the risk will be increased opportunity for the e-waste to create storage in a landfill. Also, the risk of toxic material reaching other locations such as other communities. To eliminate the risk, design implementation would have to target all electronic devices. The service would be free to the households in the pilot city. The hardware will be designed and built by and Research and Develop team within the city. This team will also manage the device and the technical support to maintain the device.
Part 2: PLM / Digital Design & Digital Manufacturing and Sustainable Green Transition Plan for a company of your choice.
A convincing lean and sustainable green design marketing plan for the CEO / CTO that they should move into PLM / Digital Design & Manufacturing.
As a consulting company for this EOL electronic sorting device, Raymar would recommend that this device be promoted for all cities and communities as widely as every state within the US. This goal of this device is to become standard in the solid waste management process. Currently, e-waste is reaching landfills nationally and internationally, which pose risk to people who search landfills to remove the precious metals from the devices that they find. The promotional emphasis for requiring cities and states to use this device is the safety it provides against hazardous materials being exposed to people. By implementing this device through a mandatory program (federal program) and creating a requirement that the program is utilized in an effort to make a green sustainable environment for communities, there will be decreases in e-waste production. When the EOL electronics are removed from the solid waste stream, they will be refurbished or recycled for future use in other electronics that require rich resources from the EOL electronics.
Create an implementation and test plan
The test plan will require a pilot city or community where the use of the device can be tested. The testing period would take place between 6 to 12 months. Efforts to education the community regarding the use of the device and program within the pilot city will be provided before hand to allow the communities to actively participate. RAymar will act a consultant to the pilot city, managing the R&D company that has developed the device. Issues with the logistics of the program or process will be managed by the RAYMAR. Measurements of the e-waste produced by the pilot city will be measured prior to the start of the program. These measurements will be compared against the data points that will be collected at the end of the pilot test (12 months).
A transition strategy and process plan (use the ISO standard CIMpgr process modeling method).
The methodology used is a CIMpgr model. CIMpgr is an integrated system analysis, design (i.e. system modeling) methodology, relying on industrial consulting experience as well as new interfaced/ integrated system modeling tools, standards and technologies that support the consultant in his work.
Based upon the results of the pilot test, a transition strategy using the CIMpgr model will be implemented to create a mandatory program that will be utilized outside of the pilot city in neighboring cities and communities. Once the transition occurs successfully with demonstrated success seen through improved measurements of e-waste prior to and following one year of use, the scope and span of the use of the program further to more cities and communities.
PLM education will be a strong emphasis within the program. Pamplet materials, infomercials, neighborhood committee sessions that provide information, etc., will be used to education the public on the use of program. Schools will also be targeted to promote and educate people of the program. The benefits of the EOL electronics program will be presented to people, which will include the safety benefis. People will learn that the program will aim to decrease the introduction of e-waste into landfills, which may end up in our clean water supply. The potential of the hazardous materials that these EOL electronics contain including mercury, copper, lead, etc., will reach clean water supplies will bre reduced or eliminated through the program. PLM education will help communities to learn about the safety benefits and how the their communities will be able to see the benefits implemented as a result of the program.
Design a ROI plan (a simple plan will do at tghis stage) - make up all missing data.
It is a known fact that there is a need to decrease the e-waste production worldwide. In 2009, discarded TVs, computers, peripherals (including printers, scanners, fax machines) mice, keyboards, and cell phones totaled about 2.37 million short tons. E-waste represents 2% of America's trash in landfills, but it equals 70% of overall toxic waste. 20 to 50 million metric tons of e-waste are disposed worldwide every year. If just 1% of the annual e-waste produce worldwide was recycled and provided a savings, an ROI of on a basis of 500,000 metric tons would be seen. If $0.01 was saved for every pound of e-waste recycle, a ROI of $10 million dollars would be seen per year.
Part 3: Conduct a Video Conferencing and Social Networking session.
Transcript:
[4/23/17 5:03:41 PM] Sabrina Williams: Please add me as a contact.
Sabrina Williams
[4/23/17 5:07:37 PM] Krystian Rivera: Krystian Rivera has shared
contact details with Sabrina Williams.
[4/23/17 7:49:37 PM] Krystian Rivera: Ok
[4/23/17 7:52:53 PM] Sabrina Williams: Call started
[4/23/17 7:54:53 PM] Sabrina Williams: Call ended 2 minutes
[4/23/17 7:55:28 PM] Sabrina Williams: Call started
[4/23/17 7:56:18 PM] Sabrina Williams: Hello Kyrstian
[4/23/17 7:56:30 PM] Sabrina Williams: *Krystian
[4/23/17 7:56:38 PM] Krystian Rivera: Hello Sabrina
[4/23/17 7:56:46 PM] Krystian Rivera: What is the title of your project?
[4/23/17 7:57:04 PM] Sabrina Williams: The title of my project is
[4/23/17 7:57:38 PM] Sabrina Williams: Electronic Drying Device
[4/23/17 7:58:15 PM] Krystian Rivera: Interesting.. Mine is an All
Green Hydrogen Powered Vehicle
[4/23/17 7:58:55 PM] Sabrina Williams: What is the name of your company?
[4/23/17 7:59:07 PM] Sabrina Williams: What is the product that your
company has developed?
[4/23/17 7:59:52 PM] Krystian Rivera: The name of my company is Clear
Sky Inc. ... And along with the four other collaborative companies we
are designing a hydrogen powered vehicle
[4/23/17 8:00:04 PM] Krystian Rivera: What is yours?
[4/23/17 8:04:25 PM] Sabrina Williams: The name o my company is Raymar
Inc. We are a small manufacturing company that is specializing is
recycling electronic materials to make a green drying device.
Specifically, the drying is a high energy-consuming operation for
which process control is important to achieve optimal energy
performance and product quality regardless of disturbances. Drying
energy efficiency and process controllability are two important
factors that are critical to the performance of drying devices. When
the temperature drop between the dryer inlet and outlet air under
adiabatic conditions occurs, decouple water evaporation from heat loss
and product heating effects causes the dryer temperature to drop.1 In
other words, when hot air contacts the wet product during drying, the
sensible heat of the air is converted to latent heat and the air
temperature drops.
[4/23/17 8:05:37 PM] Sabrina Williams: In your opinion, What is a
product design review?
[4/23/17 8:09:34 PM] Krystian Rivera: A product design review is
considered a milestone within the product development process whereby
a design is evaluated against its requirements in order to verify the
outcome of previous activities and identify issues before committing
to completing the project.
[4/23/17 8:11:17 PM] Sabrina Williams: I agree. I would add that the
product design review serves three primary purposes. They are 1.
Provide a guideline for peer-oriented assessment and coaching 2.
Provide a method to assess design status and implement guidelines of
quality and reliability methods and 3. Serve as a requirement for
assessing and scoring product development.
[4/23/17 8:12:46 PM] Sabrina Williams: Krystian, what were the most
important steps in your product design review process?
[4/23/17 8:13:05 PM] Krystian Rivera: The most important steps to me
were the CORA and the PFRA process
[4/23/17 8:13:27 PM] Krystian Rivera: These steps helped me identify
what areas in my project were going to be the most problematic.
[4/23/17 8:13:40 PM] Krystian Rivera: It help to identify the dangers
and the risks that needed to be addressed.
[4/23/17 8:16:20 PM] Sabrina Williams: For me, the most important
steps in my product design review process was Step 1: Generating.
This was the most important step because it required brainstorming,
SWOT analysis, and elimination of initial concepts and ideas based on
affordability, market tends, ROI, etc. In addition, the Generating
step required that the product design meet the CE/PLM method, which is
intended to ensure that developers consider all elements of the
product life cycle from conception through to final disposal.
[4/23/17 8:18:36 PM] Sabrina Williams: Krystian, how do you like this
video-conferencing approach for collaborative CE/PLM problem solving?
[4/23/17 8:20:17 PM] Krystian Rivera: I thought it was very helpful
and seamless. It was great to get ideas from another student on how to
improve on the design of my project. I can definitely see the benefits
of using video conferencing in discussing project ideas.
[4/23/17 8:21:35 PM] Sabrina Williams: I think there are many
benefits to using VC in team collaborations. The three main reasons I
Iike VC for collaborative CE/PLM problem solving are 1. VC allows for
the reduction or elimination of the need to travel. Specifically for
this course, I am located in Massachusetts which makes VC convenient
for me to collaborate with classmates that are local to the university
in New Jersey without the need to travel or meet in person. 2. VC
allows for increased productivity. VC allows for an ease of sharing
and communication with team members versus in person. The interaction
may be easier and there may be less pressure which will allow for
increased focus on the tasks, discussions, projects, etc. 3. Increased
Communication is also a benefit of using VC because there will be an
increase in ease to share and communicate information and a decrease
in distraction such as finding the conference room, attire, travel,
etc.
[4/23/17 8:22:08 PM] Sabrina Williams: Krystian, what were the main challenges?
[4/23/17 8:23:50 PM] Krystian Rivera: My biggest challenge was
actually conceptualizing the product that I wanted to design for this
class. I wanted to come up with something that was fun to design and
do research on, but also something that would have meaningful impact
on society and the environment had it ever came upon to actually being
made.
[4/23/17 8:24:50 PM] Krystian Rivera: The next challenge like I
mentioned before was when we had to identify all the risks in the
project.
[4/23/17 8:25:00 PM] Krystian Rivera: The assignment that had the PFRA analysis.
[4/23/17 8:27:58 PM] Sabrina Williams: In regards to the project, one
of the biggest challenges was ensuring that the product developed was
an actual green device and RAYMAR would utilize the green product
lifecycle management. For instance, the device has strict requirements
such as the following: There shall be no hazardous materials generated
and released to the environment as a result of the manufacture of our
products. The release of harmful byproducts into the environment as a
result of the manufacturing process shall be prohibited by the
company.
[4/23/17 8:28:38 PM] Krystian Rivera: What worked well in your project
and what didn't work?
[4/23/17 8:34:14 PM] Sabrina Williams: What I think worked well for
the device is the design phase of the project. One of the key design
features of the device is that it will be made from recyclable
electronic parts from other devices. The recyclable electronic parts
will include resistors, transistors, capacitors, diodes, and
electronic circuit boards. These electronic parts will be purchased
and recycled from other companies and will be used to assemble the
drying device through a manufacturing process powered from electricity
derived from solar and wind technology. I think recycling electronic
parts to make new, green devices will be a growing market of the
future.
[4/23/17 8:36:40 PM] Krystian Rivera: That's awesome, what worked well
for my project was something similar as well. In my project what
distinguishes it from other previously designed hydrogen vehicles is
that all of the parts in the vehicle are made by using 3-D printing or
Additive manufacturing. That was my component in my design to make the
vehicle truly green and sustainable.
[4/23/17 8:37:52 PM] Sabrina Williams: Krystian, but isn't using
hydrogen for fuel dangerous because it canbe explosive?
[4/23/17 8:39:13 PM] Krystian Rivera: Yes it is and that is a good
question. There are hydrogen combustible engines which are very heavy
and are also considered dangerous because they can explode. In my
design they utilize hydrogen fuel-cells which are similar to
batteries.
[4/23/17 8:45:32 PM] Sabrina Williams: Okay, that makes a lot of sense...
[4/23/17 8:46:20 PM] Sabrina Williams: I like the concept of using 3D
printing. What are some of the parts that will be made from 3D
printing?
[4/23/17 8:46:39 PM] Krystian Rivera: It ranges from small parts to large parts.
[4/23/17 8:47:09 PM] Krystian Rivera: From the screw and bolts on the
vehicle to the trimming and the interior framing of the car.
[4/23/17 8:48:06 PM] Sabrina Williams: That's very cool!
[4/23/17 8:50:28 PM] Krystian Rivera: Will your dryer be an affordable
dryer to the general public?
[4/23/17 8:52:10 PM] Sabrina Williams: Yes, that's the goal.
Particularly because we'll be using recycled material to make the
devices. The Devices will also help reduce the amount of energy that's
consumed during drying, which will hap consumers save money in the
long run..
[4/23/17 8:52:29 PM] Sabrina Williams: *help
[4/23/17 8:53:07 PM] Sabrina Williams: Okay, it was great discussing
your project and learning about your company.
[4/23/17 8:53:39 PM] Sabrina Williams: Your website is well organized
and explains what you're trying to develop very thoroughly.
[4/23/17 8:54:36 PM] Krystian Rivera: Thank you, I enjoyed discussing
my project with you as well as learning about yours.
[4/23/17 9:01:40 PM] Krystian Rivera:
This version of Skype does not support photo sharing. Please update to
the latest version, or you can view it in your browser here:
https://login.skype.com/login/sso?go=xmmfallback?pic=0-eus-d3-dc5003705bb0cb3f3cd28508327af2c6
[4/23/17 9:01:46 PM] Krystian Rivera:
This version of Skype does not support photo sharing. Please update to
the latest version, or you can view it in your browser here:
https://login.skype.com/login/sso?go=xmmfallback?pic=0-eus-d2-5fd570e17a00af2f8caf9b919360830e
[4/23/17 9:01:52 PM] Krystian Rivera:
This version of Skype does not support photo sharing. Please update to
the latest version, or you can view it in your browser here:
https://login.skype.com/login/sso?go=xmmfallback?pic=0-eus-d1-474d7f9ecc7b8987f632dfb4b876aa20
[4/23/17 9:01:58 PM] Krystian Rivera:
This version of Skype does not support photo sharing. Please update to
the latest version, or you can view it in your browser here:
https://login.skype.com/login/sso?go=xmmfallback?pic=0-eus-d1-04d0f6752a206ff3fe6dae4ce163a54b
[4/23/17 9:02:03 PM] Krystian Rivera:
This version of Skype does not support photo sharing. Please update to
the latest version, or you can view it in your browser here:
https://login.skype.com/login/sso?go=xmmfallback?pic=0-eus-d4-40a2428cf092bdc31a9da1437b79be89
[4/23/17 9:03:11 PM] Sabrina Williams: Call ended 1 hour 7 minutes 43 seconds
[4/23/17 9:04:23 PM] Krystian Rivera: Can you copy and paste the
script and send it to me via email?
[4/23/17 9:04:38 PM] Krystian Rivera: I don't think the iPad let me do it :-
1. The purpose of the video-conferencing session is to conduct a virtual product design review? What is a product design review? A design review is a milestone within a product development process whereby a design is evaluated against its requirements in order to verify the outcomes of previous activities and identify issues before committing to - and if need to be re-prioritize - further work.The product design review serves three primary purposes. They are 1. Provide a guideline for peer-oriented assessment and coaching 2. Provide a method to assess design status and implement guidelines of quality and reliability methods and 3. Serve as a requirement for assessing and scoring product development.
2. How did you prepare your files for this web-based VC product design review? I prepared my files for this web-based Video Conference via Skype, email, and my company website: [email protected]. All information sharing between myself and classmates to share information regarding my company and product design occurred primarily through these three methods.
3. What were the most important steps in your product design review process? The most important step in my product design review process was Step 1: Generating. This was the most important step because this required brainstorming, SWOT analysis, and elimination of initial concepts and ideas based on affordability, market tends, ROI, etc. In addition, the Generating step required that the product design meet the CE/PLM method, which is intended to ensure that developers consider all elements of the product life cycle from conception through to final disposal, and re-engineering / recycling, including quality, cost schedule and user requirements. In contrast to the old, conventional, or sequential product design method, Concurrent Engineering and PLM focus on customer satisfaction, on teamwork as well as on Design for Manufacturing, Design for Assembly, Quality and Total Lifecycle issues.
4. What software did you use for VC and how? (Must include 3-4 screen prints of the VC session as a proof.)
The software that was used for Video Conferencing was Skype. Below are the screen shots from the VC.
5. What did you discuss and achieve during the VC session? (Offer a script of your discussions in professional English, not in 'hej dude whatsup' language...)
Above are the transcripts from the VC session below:
6. How do you like this video-conferencing approach for collaborative CE/PLM problem solving? I think there are many benefits to using VC in team collaborations. The three main benefits of VC are 1. VC allows for the reduction or elimination of the need to travel. Specifically for this course, I am located in Massachusetts which makes VC convenient for me to collaborate with classmates that are local to the university in New Jersey without the need to travel or meet in person. 2. VC allows for increased productivity. VC allows for an ease of sharing and communication with team members versus in person. The interaction may be easier and there may be less pressure which will allow for increased focus on the tasks, discussions, projects, etc. 3. Increased Communication is also a benefit of using VC because there will be an increase in ease to share and communicate information and a decrease in distraction such as finding the conference room, attire, travel, etc.
7. What were the main challenges? There are many potential challenges that can be faced during VC. The three main challenges that I encountered during VC were 1. Technical difficulties. Ensuring that I had the correct software, devices/attachments, etc. was very important to prevent the technical difficulties. However, if any of the above were lacking, I experienced difficulties in executing the VC. 2. System compatibility. Currently, Skype is not compatible with my current computer system (PC) because it does not have operating system that supports the software. However, an older system (MAC) was capable of supporting the software. 3. Need for IT resources. While trying to use Skype, I had to rely heavily on IT references and resources to troubleshoot issues that interrupted my use. However, the troubleshooting occurred well before the VC session which allowed the issues to be resolved ahead of time.
8. What worked well, and what did not, and why? What worked well during the VC session was the communication between myself and my classmate, which provided the opportunity to meet him in person. Also, VC allowed for the opportunity for us to share information openly and discuss our opinions one on one. What didn’t work well was the time frame for which the VC occurred. Because of the time schedule chosen for the VC, it was difficult to coordinate the session around my schedule. Otherwise, the VC worked very well.
9. In comparison to a face-to-face visit, versus VC, what is the estimated carbon footprint saving to the environment? How did you calculate this result? (Hint: search the web, there are some really useful carbon footprint calculators for free!). According to references, there are three are three scope types to determining the carbon footprint of a product, device, etc. The main Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions defined by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative. It's when it comes to Scope 3 - other indirect emissions such as bought-in products and services, outsourced activities and business travel. The VC held between my classmate and I did not involve any of the above. As a result, the estimated carbon foot print is 0 or none.
-References and Bibliography (including the CDs, Internet as a main source of information)
1Atuonwu, J.C., Asselt, J., Straten, G., Deventer, H.C., Boxtel, A., “On dryer energy performance and controllability: generalized modeling and experimental validation”. Drying Technology, 2013. pp. 1930-1938.
Baker, C.G., McKenzie, K., Energy consumption of industrial spray dryers. Drying Technology 2005, pp365-386.
Ranky, P. Concurrent / Simultaneous Engineering: Methods, Tools and Case Studies Within a Lean Six-Sigma Quality and Sustainable, Globally Collaborative Green PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) Framework. CIMare USA, Inc and CIMware Ltd.
Part 4: SOCIAL NETWORKING:
Article 1
Recycling e-Waste
By Bryan Walsh
There has been a growing demand for future work in the recycling of e-waste or used electronic materials. There are growing concerns which leads to recycling of electronic solid waste as a necessity. For one, the harmful chemicals that are exposed when the components of electrical devices, such as cell phones, computer boards, are taken apart in order to gain access to the gold and copper. These harmful chemicals include mercury, lead, cadmium and other dangerous metals and are an extreme cause for concern. Particularly in poorer regions of countries such as Africa and China where the laborers are predominately children, there is a growing need to understand how to restructure the so-called e-waste in the fastest growing part of the solid waste stream. There are some 20 to 50 million metric tons of electronics that are thrown out every year. Reuse or recycling of those materials may prevent environmental consequences of poorly processed electronics ending up into land waste fills or potentially poisoning children laborers.
Article 2
Africa Mobile Pay-Go Solar Developer Beats the Odds, Raises $22.5M in Venture Capital
September 30, 2016 by Andrew Burger
An off-grid or standalone photovoltaic system is when your solar photovoltaic system is not connected to the utility grid and you are producing your own electricity via solar, wind, microhydro, generator, etc. These systems will generally have a battery bank in order to store the electricity for use when needed. Developers of a growing line of off-grid, cloud-connected solar energy systems and consumer products is bringing clean, safe affordable and reliable light, electrical power, equipment and devices to local homes and businesses, many of whom have never had it before. Homes in countries such as Africa, Southeast Asia, and India. To date, about 65 million people in Africa, India and Southeast Asia are enjoying the benefits, according to developers. Management has set a goal of reaching 100 million by 2020. Companies active in the off-grid solar market have received over $250 million since 2014, according to global clean energy market research and communications firm Mercom Capital’s Solar Funding and M&A report. There is a large growing market that is expanding into the entire world..
Article 3
United Airlines Begins Regular Biofuel Use for Flights
March 14, 2016 by Renewable Energy World Editors
A biofuel is any liquid fuel derived from biological material such as trees, agricultural wastes, crops, or grass. Biofuel can be produced from any carbon source that can be replenished rapidly, such as plants. Biofuels are used globally and biofuel industries are greatly expanding in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. They contain no sulfur and produce low carbon monoxide and toxic emissions.
Biofuels are substitutes for conventional fossil fuels, such as petroleum, propane, coal, and natural gas. Common U.S. agricultural products including switchgrass and soybeans are specifically grown for biofuel production. Biofuels can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy security by providing an alternative to fossil fuels. By 2050, biofuels could reduce our greenhouse gas emissions by 1.7 billion tons per year—equivalent to more than 80% of current transportation-related emissions.
United Airlines said that on March 11, 2016 it began using commercial-scale volumes of sustainable aviation biofuels for regularly scheduled flights. According to United, it is the first U.S. airline to move beyond demonstration flights and test programs to the use of advanced biofuels for ongoing operations. United has agreed to purchase up to 15 million gallons of sustainable biofuel from AltAir Paramount over a three-year period. The airline said it has begun using the biofuel in its daily operations at Los Angeles International Airport, storing and delivering it in the same way as traditional fuel. In addition, United will operate flights between Los Angeles and San Francisco with the dedicated use of AltAir Paramount renewable fuel for two weeks, while also integrating the fuel into its regular operations at the airport.
RSS Feed
